Reference Machine

Answer the following questions to make an in-text citation or a bibliographic reference:

1. Do you want to make a reference
     a. in the text of your writing (an in-text citation), or
     b. in the bibliography / reference list at the end of your writing ?

Bibliography references

2. Do you want to do a reference for:

• a book (where all the content is written by only one author, or up to three authors working together. The chapters should not be by different authors). APA-style, Harvard-style, Vancouver-style, IEEE style
• an article in a journal. A journal has many articles, written by different authors.  A journal is a periodical, which means that a new issue is produced monthly, quarterly or yearly etc., so it has different issues, as shown in a Volume number and a Number. APA-style, Harvard-style, Vancouver-style, IEEE-style journal, IEEE-style e-journal
• a chapter in an edited volume (a book which has articles or chapters written by different authors, and editors who write the introduction. There is only one issue, which is why it is different from a journal.) APA-style, Harvard-style, Vancouver-style, IEEE-style
• a newspaper or magazine article: APA-style, Harvard-style, Vancouver-style
• an Internet reference:  APA-style, Harvard-style, Vancouver-style
• an online image: APA-style
• music: APA-style
• AI Chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT): APA-style, Vancouver style

Related Pages:

Referencing Resources on the Internet

• Referencing Pages - an overview of using sources and referencing
• Reference Machine - a program to help you write references. You fill in the boxes with the author's name etc. and the computer formats the reference for you. You can use one of the following styles:
  
  • APA style: for an in-text citation, a book, an article in a journal, a chapter in an edited volume, a newspaper or magazine article, an Internet reference, an online image, music or an AI chatbot.
  • Harvard style: for  an in-text citation, a book, an article in a journal, a chapter in an edited volume, a newspaper or magazine article, or an Internet reference.
  • Vancouver style: for a book, an article in a journal, a chapter in an edited volume, a newspaper or magazine article, an Internet reference, or an AI chatbot (e.g. ChatGPT).
  • IEEE style: for a book, a part or chapter in a book, an article in a journal, an article in an e-journal
• Referencing Exercises: Spot the errors and correct them in in-text references and in bibliographical references.
• Choosing whether to use a quotation, summary or paraphrase.
• Secondary citation
• Example academic essay with the quotations, summaries and paraphrases highlighted. It also contains in-text citations and references. The topic is how to design navigation for Internet pages.
• List of referencing-related books in CILL.