Chapter
6 - Conclusion
Adapted from FYP from Faculty of Construction
& Land Use
6.1 Restatement of survey objective
This research study is aimed at
investigating the current weaknesses of the labour productivity on Hong
Kong construction sites and the differences on the perceptions of the
productivity problems by the management level and worker level. Owing
to the low labour productivity in the Hong Kong construction industry,
labour is considered to be the most influential factor. The aim of this
research was originally aimed at finding the most serious root cause that
hinders the labour productivity identified by the site staff. It was done
using a replication of the procedures adopted in the previous study by
Zakeri et al.[6]
However, an additional objective
was made in the design of the research study so that responses from both
workers and management could be captured. The same questionnaire was used
with these two sets of respondents and when the responses were received
the data was separated into two sample groups. These two sample groups
of equal size were separated by their job role.
6.2 The questionnaire survey
The original questionnaire was
taken from an English language construction journal and the questions
were translated so that data were collected through a structured Chinese
questionnaire in order to overcome the communication difficulties. The
wording of the questionnaire may not be exactly the same as the original
version, therefore, several pilot studies were conducted to ensure easy
understanding and correct usage of Chinese wording.
Although the questionnaire design
was adapted from the previous study, additional questions were asked in
order to investigate the problems that possibly happened on Hong Kong
construction sites whereas it was not relevant in the previous study.
Different productivity factors were also identified suited for the Hong
Kong situation as mentioned in the literature review.
6.3 The findings
Although the data was collected
from a representative sample on different construction sites, it does
not necessarily mean that the results apply to the whole industry. The
findings of this research however do contribute to finding out the productivity
problems on site and give an indication of the significant problems.
From the ranking of the productivity
factor by the entire site staff, the five most problematic constraints
have been found to be:
repeat work
interference of work
weather
site condition/environment
improper plan of work
The repeat work problem
was ranked the highest and the major reason was poor workmanship and design
changes. Changes in design or revision in drawings in turn lead to extensive
rework. The interference of work closely followed the repeat
work, with others factors being the weather, site condition/environment
and the improper plan of work.
Compared with the findings of
Zakeri et al, lack of material was the most serious productivity problem
in a construction site in Iran. The main reason was the high demand for
infrastructure redevelopment in Iran. In Hong Kong, lack of material was
ranked the ninth with lesser significance.
Since the study also intended
to explore the ranking of productivity factors according to the views
of the workers or the management, a separate analysis was performed. The
productivity factors were ranked after separating the respondents into
two sample groups - the management level and worker level. The results
obtained showed great differences on the responsibility of the productivity
factors. A comparison of the five most problematic constraints ranked
by the management level and worker level are shown below:
Table 6.1 Comparison of Ranking results of the productivity factors by
the management
Level and worker level.
The management
level: |
The worker
level: |
1.weather |
1. repeat work |
2.repeat work |
2. interference of work |
3.site condition/environment |
3. improper plan of work |
4.interference of work |
4. delay or improper supervision |
5.inspection delay |
5. equipment breakdown |
The reason behind this different
ranking as shown in table 6.1 is their different perceptions on responsibility
to the productivity factors. The management level are concerned about
the factors with neutral responsibility to be more important while the
worker level are concerned about management level responsibilities.
The workers are those who are
directly involved in the construction work. Therefore productivity problems
encountered by the workers directly mean the time lost on the construction
works, the production of output, and their ranking result should be more
realistic compared to the views of the management who are more remote.
From the ranking of the workers, which factors are regarded as highly
responsible by the management level, the low productivity in Hong Kong
construction sites can be partly traced to the poor planning and management.
For the management level, they
may not accept that they are responsible for the poor productivity and
they may try to blame the worker or other parties, and this is shown by
their low management level responsibility score.
The findings on the responsibility
of the poor productivity may not be conclusive because the justification
for the responsibility on each factor is not clear enough to provide reliable
findings. Also, the method used to score the responsibilities did not
check the management level independently of the management's own view.
Therefore, the findings on the responsibility provide only a primary indication.
For future research into this
topic, the productivity problems or responsibilities identified in this
research can be further studied to alleviate the problems of respondent
bias. Any further studies on measuring the responsibility for the poor
productivity, alternative data collection methods should be adopted with
a clear allocation of responsibility. For example, collecting data on
site by direct observation or from documents, site records or site diary
can largely eliminate any possible bias by the respondents.
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